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Signaling
A synthetic cyclic heptapeptide characterized in cryo-EM structural studies of class A GPCR–Gs complexes.
Reviewed by Dr. James Whitfield, PharmD · Published · Last reviewed · For research use only.
Type
Synthetic peptide (cyclic heptapeptide)
Molecular formula
C50H68N14O10
Molecular weight
1,025.18 g/mol
CAS number
189691-06-3
Amino acids
7
Sequence
Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH
Modification
N-terminal acetylation; norleucine (Nle) substitution; lactam side-chain cyclization (Asp–Lys); D-phenylalanine at position 7; free C-terminal carboxyl (–OH), distinguishing it from the C-terminal amide of Melanotan II.
A cyclic heptapeptide sharing the lactam-bridged scaffold of the related peptide Melanotan II. The lactam-bridged cyclic backbone, norleucine substitution, and D-phenylalanine confer conformational constraint and enzymatic stability; the free C-terminal carboxyl distinguishes it structurally from the C-terminal amide of Melanotan II. The relevant binding partners belong to a family of class A G-protein-coupled receptors that couple to Gs and adenylyl cyclase. Cryo-electron microscopy work has resolved one such class A GPCR in complex with peptide agonists and the Gs protein, clarifying the architecture of the receptor pocket engaged by the cyclic peptide backbone (Heyder et al., 2021).
Lyophilized
Commonly stored frozen (typically −20°C, −80°C for long-term archival)
protected from light and moisture; stable as a lyophilized solid for extended periods under these conditions.
The cyclic, lactam-bridged backbone confers greater conformational and enzymatic stability than linear α-MSH. Minimize exposure to elevated temperature, light, and repeated freeze–thaw.
Reviews
Li JJ (ed.) (2024). Chemistry and Pharmacology of Drug Discovery (Wiley), ch. 16
Kingsberg SA, Simon JA. (2021). Expert Opin Pharmacother
Mayer D, Lynch SE (2020). Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Reviews
Dhillon S, Keam SJ (2019). Drugs
Giuliano F, et al. (2008). J Sex Med
Molinoff PB, et al. (2006). Ann NY Acad Sci
Clinical
Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Sadiq A, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA (2022). Journal of Women's Health
Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, et al. (2022). Journal of Women's Health
Koochaki P, Revicki D, Wilson H, Pokrzywinski R, Jordan R, Lucas J, Williams LA, Sadiq A, Krop J (2021). Journal of Women's Health
Simon JA, et al. (2020). Obstet Gynecol
Clayton AH, et al. (2020). J Womens Health
Kingsberg SA, et al. (2019). Obstet Gynecol
Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH (2019). Obstet Gynecol
White WB, Myers MG, Jordan R, Lucas J (2017). Journal of Hypertension
Clayton AH, Althof SE, Kingsberg S, DeRogatis LR, Kroll R, Goldstein I, Kaminetsky J, Spana C, Lucas J, Jordan R, Portman DJ (2016). Women's Health (London)
Clayton AH, et al. (2016). J Sex Med
Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY (2008). The Journal of Urology
Diamond LE, Earle DC, Heiman JR, Rosen RC, Perelman MA, Harning R (2006). J Sex Med
Diamond LE, et al. (2006). J Sex Med
Diamond LE, Earle DC, Garcia WD, Spana C (2005). Urology
Rosen RC, Diamond LE, Earle DC, Shadiack AM, Molinoff PB (2004). Int J Impot Res
Diamond LE, et al. (2004). Int J Impot Res
Diamond LE, Earle DC, Rosen RC, Willett MS, Molinoff PB (2004). Int J Impot Res
Primary research
Suzuki S, Kitanaka C, Okada M (2024). Anticancer Research
Heyder NA, Kleinau G, Speck D, et al. (2021). Cell Research
Giuliani D, Mioni C, Bazzani C, et al. (2007). British Journal of Pharmacology
Shadiack AM, et al. (2004). Pharmacol Biochem Behav
Pfaus JG, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P (2004). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
Wessells H, Vanderah TW, Hruby VJ, et al. (2003). Neuroscience
Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY (2003). Ann NY Acad Sci
Guarini S, Bazzani C, Cainazzo MM, Mioni C, Ferrazza G, Vergoni AV, Schiöth HB, Wikberg JES, Bertolini A (1999). J Pharmacol Exp Ther
Also known as: PT 141
Research Use Only
These products are intended for research purposes only and are not for human consumption. Not FDA approved. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
| Compound | Type | Molecular weight | CAS number |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT-141This page | Synthetic peptide (cyclic heptapeptide) | 1,025.18 g/mol | 189691-06-3 |
| Cardiogen | Synthetic linear tetrapeptide (short peptide bioregulator) | 489.5 g/mol | — |
| Cerebrolysin | Porcine brain-derived neuropeptide and amino-acid preparation (enzymatic hydrolysate; heterogeneous mixture) | Peptide fraction <10 kDa | 12656-61-0 |
| Cortagen | Synthetic linear tetrapeptide | 446.45 g/mol | — |
| Dihexa | Synthetic peptidomimetic (modified tripeptide-like angiotensin IV analog) | ~504.66 g/mol | 1401708-83-5 |
Comparison of laboratory reference specifications only. For research use only; not a therapeutic comparison.
Quality & methods