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Peptide Analogs
A mitochondrial-encoded peptide investigated in cellular energy, signaling, and muscle biology research.
Reviewed by Dr. James Whitfield, PharmD · Published · Last reviewed · For research use only.
Type
Mitochondrial-derived peptide (16 residues)
Molecular formula
C101H152N28O22S2
Molecular weight
~2,175 g/mol
CAS number
1627580-64-6
Amino acids
16
Sequence
MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Modification
Unmodified (free base); synthetic preparations are typically supplied as trifluoroacetate or acetate salt. Encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1 locus).
A short cationic peptide encoded by an open reading frame within mitochondrial 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1 locus). Mechanistic studies identify two principal pathways: inhibition of the folate-methionine one-carbon cycle, which leads to AICAR accumulation and AMPK activation; and, under metabolic stress, AMPK-dependent translocation to the nucleus where the peptide associates with antioxidant-response elements and the NRF2/ATF-family transcription factors. Kim SJ et al. (2024) identified the CK2α subunit as a direct binding target in skeletal muscle, with the K14Q polymorphic variant showing altered binding relative to wild-type.
Lyophilized
20°C
powder typically stable ~24 months.
Avoid freeze-thaw; protect from light and moisture; methionine residues are oxidation-sensitive.
Reviews
Wan W, et al. (2023). J Transl Med
Zheng Y, et al. (2023). Front Endocrinol
Yang B, et al. (2023). Front Physiol
Reviews
Mohtashami Z, et al. (2022). Int J Mol Sci
Miller B, et al. (2022). J Clin Invest
Yoon TK, et al. (2022). Diabetes Metab J
Kim SJ, et al. (2021). GeroScience
Wu Y, et al. (2021). Front Endocrinol
Popov LD. (2019). Cell Tissue Res
Lee C, et al. (2016). Free Radic Biol Med
Fuku N, et al. (2015). Aging Cell
Clinical
Circulating-MDP COPD study group. (2023). Front Med
Pediatric MOTS-c study group. (2023). Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
Reynolds JC, et al. (2021). Sci Rep
Hudson Biotech.. ClinicalTrials.gov
CohBar Inc.. ClinicalTrials.gov
Qin Q, et al. (2018). Int J Cardiol
Primary research
Kong BS, et al. (2025). Exp Mol Med
Kim SJ, et al. (2024). iScience
Yang L, et al. (2024). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin
Lu H, et al. (2024). Cell Rep
Zhong P, et al. (2022). J Cell Mol Med
Kumagai H, et al. (2022). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj
Zempo H, et al. (2021). Aging (Albany NY)
Kumagai H, et al. (2021). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Reynolds JC, et al. (2021). Nat Commun
Yang B, et al. (2021). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Yin X, et al. (2020). Eur J Pharmacol
D'Souza RF, et al. (2020). Aging (Albany NY)
Lu H, et al. (2019). J Mol Med
Lu H, et al. (2019). Int J Mol Sci
Yan Z, et al. (2019). Pharmacol Res
Du C, et al. (2018). Pediatr Diabetes
MOTS-c BMSC differentiation study. (2018). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
Kim KH, et al. (2018). Cell Metabolism
Ming W, et al. (2016). Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Cobb LJ, et al. (2016). Aging (Albany NY)
Lee C, et al. (2015). Cell Metabolism
Also known as: MT-RNR1-derived peptide
Research Use Only
These products are intended for research purposes only and are not for human consumption. Not FDA approved. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
| Compound | Type | Molecular weight | CAS number |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOTS-cThis page | Mitochondrial-derived peptide (16 residues) | ~2,175 g/mol | 1627580-64-6 |
| LUV RT | Synthetic peptide (acylated, 39 residues) | ~4,731 Da | 2381089-83-2 |
| LUV SM | Synthetic peptide (acylated, 31 residues) | ~4,114 g/mol | 910463-68-2 |
| LUV TRZ2 | Synthetic linear peptide (acylated, 39 residues) | ~4,814 g/mol | 2023788-19-2 |
| AOD-9604 | Synthetic peptide (cyclic, 16 residues) | ~1,815 g/mol | 221231-10-3 |
Comparison of laboratory reference specifications only. For research use only; not a therapeutic comparison.
Quality & methods