Cartalax

A synthetic tripeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp) studied in cell-culture models of connective-tissue and cellular gene-expression bioregulation.

Molecular Profile

Type
Synthetic linear tripeptide (short peptide bioregulator)
Molecular formula
C12H19N3O8
Molecular weight
333.29 g/mol
Amino acids
3
Sequence
Ala-Glu-Asp (H-Ala-Glu-Asp-OH; AED; T-31)
Modification
None (unmodified free N- and C-termini)

Mechanism & Target Class

Cartalax (AED) is an ultrashort peptide of the Khavinson-class short peptide bioregulators. Its two acidic residues (glutamic and aspartic acid) confer a net negative charge in neutral (pH 7.4) aqueous conditions. The proposed mechanism is not classical receptor agonism but is described as epigenetic: class studies describe these short peptides as penetrating the cell nucleus and interacting with histone proteins and single- and double-stranded DNA — including sequence-recognition contacts in gene-promoter regions — to modulate transcription. In cell-culture experiments AED is examined for its relationship to the expression of senescence- and proliferation-associated markers including sirtuin-1, sirtuin-6, collagen I, p53, p16, p21, Ki-67, IGF1, FOXO1, TERT, and NFκB. The peptide sequence has been described as homologous to a fragment of the type XI collagen alpha-1 chain, a proposed structural basis for its connective-tissue research framing.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized
Store sealed and protected from light, heat, and moisture; refrigerated (≤6 °C) or frozen for long-term storage per supplier documentation.
Handling
Stable as a lyophilized solid under appropriate conditions; compound-specific long-term stability data are limited in the primary literature.

Primary Database

PubChem CID 87815447 ↗

References (21)

  1. Reviews

    1

    Linkova N, Khavinson V, Diatlova A, Myakisheva S, Ryzhak G (2023). International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098415PubMed 37176122

  2. 2

    Khavinson VK, Popovich IG, Linkova NS, Mironova ES, Ilina AR (2021). Molecules

    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053PubMed 34834147

  3. 3

    Ashapkin VV, Linkova NS, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF (2015). Biochemistry (Moscow)

    DOI: 10.1134/S0006297915030062PubMed 25761685

  4. 4

    Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh (2010). Biogerontology

    DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9249-8PubMed 19830585

  5. 5

    Khavinson VKh (2014). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 25306656

  6. 6

    Ilina A, Khavinson V, Linkova N, Petukhov M (2022). International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084259PubMed 35457077

  7. 7

    Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kantemirova R, Kozlov K (2022). Cells

    DOI: 10.3390/cells12010106PubMed 36611900

  8. 8

    Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Diatlova AS, Gutop EO, Orlova OA (2020). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 32362083

  9. Primary research

    9

    Ashapkin V, Khavinson V, Shilovsky G, Linkova N, Vanyushin B (2020). Molecular Biology Reports

    DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05506-3

  10. 10

    Fridman NV, Linkova NS, Kozhevnikova EO, Gutop EO, Khavinson VKh (2020). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05022-1PubMed 33231794

  11. 11

    Kolchina N, Khavinson V, Linkova N, Yakimov A, Baitin D, Afanasyeva A, Petukhov M (2019). Nucleic Acids Research

    DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz850PubMed 31598715

  12. 12

    Lin'kova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, Kuznetsova EP, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VKh (2016). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3370-xPubMed 27259496

  13. 13

    Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Polyakova VO, Durnova AO, Nichik TE, Kvetnoi IM (2014). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2540-y

  14. 14

    Khavinson VKh, Tarnovskaia SI, Lin'kova NS, Poliakova VO, Durnova AO, Nichik TE, Kvetnoĭ IM, D'iakonov MM, Iakutseni PP (2014). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 25946838

  15. 15

    Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Tarnovskaya SI (2016). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3596-7PubMed 27909961

  16. 16

    Khavinson VKh, Tarnovskaya SI, Linkova NS, et al. (2013). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-1961-3PubMed 23484211

  17. 17

    Sinjari B, Diomede F, Khavinson V, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S (2020). Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

    DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09921-3PubMed 31677028

  18. 18

    Caputi S, Trubiani O, Sinjari B, Trofimova S, Diomede F, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Khavinson V (2019). International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

    DOI: 10.1177/2058738419828613PubMed 30791821

  19. 19

    Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S, Sinjari B (2020). Molecules

    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030609PubMed 32019204

  20. 20

    Khavinson V, Linkova N, Rudskoy AI, Petukhov MG (2023). Biomolecules

    DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552PubMed 36979488

  21. 21

    Myakisheva SN, Linkova NS, Diatlova AS, Polyakova VO, Ryzhak GA (2023). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 37782646