MGF

A mechanically induced IGF-1 splice-variant peptide studied in preclinical muscle and cellular research models.

Molecular Profile

Type
Synthetic peptide (IGF-1Ec C-terminal E-domain, 24 residues)
Molecular formula
C121H199N41O40
Molecular weight
~2,868 g/mol
Amino acids
24
Sequence
YQPPSTNKNTKSQRRKGSTFEEHK
Modification
The synthetic research peptide corresponds to the free-acid 24-residue E-domain; stabilized analogs substitute D-arginine in the central basic (QRRK) region and amidate the C-terminus to slow proteolysis, and PEGylated forms (PEG-MGF) couple a polyethylene glycol chain to extend circulating half-life.

Mechanism & Target Class

MGF is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the unique C-terminal E-domain of a mechanically inducible IGF-1 splice isoform, a structure generated when inclusion of a short exon-5 insert shifts the reading frame in exon 6 to produce a 24-residue sequence distinct from the predominant systemic isoform. A central, unresolved structural question in the literature is which receptor, if any, this E-domain peptide engages; no dedicated E-peptide binding partner has been definitively identified. The peptide's arginine/lysine-rich polybasic motif has been studied as a potential cell-penetrating and nuclear-localization element, and specific protein interactions (e.g., with 14-3-3 proteins in cardiac cell models) have been characterized.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized
-20°C (colder for long-term); keep desiccated and frozen until use.
Handling
Minimize freeze-thaw cycles; protect from light; the unmodified peptide carries multiple basic residues and is handled in aqueous buffers.

Primary Database

PubChem CID 175675731 ↗

References (25)

  1. Reviews

    1

    Vassilakos G, et al. (2014). Hormones (Athens)

    DOI: 10.1007/BF03401333

  2. 2

    Brisson BK, Barton ER. (2013). Frontiers in Endocrinology

    DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00042

  3. 3

    Matheny RW Jr, Nindl BC, Adamo ML. (2010). Endocrinology

    DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1217PubMed 20130113

  4. 4

    Goldspink G. (2005). Physiology (Bethesda)

    DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2005

  5. Clinical

    5

    Hameed M, et al. (2004). Journal of Physiology

    DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.051722PubMed 14565994

  6. 6

    Hameed M, et al. (2003). Journal of Physiology

    DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.032136PubMed 12562960

  7. Primary research

    7

    Solís C, et al. (2022). Frontiers in Physiology

    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1028345PubMed 36467694

  8. 8

    Armakolas A, et al. (2015). Molecular Medicine

    DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00222PubMed 25569803

  9. 9

    Fornaro M, et al. (2014). American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

    DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2013

  10. 10

    Mavrommatis E, Shioura KM, Los T, Goldspink PH. (2013). Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

    DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1689-4PubMed 23712705

  11. 11

    Schlegel W, et al. (2013). PLOS ONE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076133

  12. 12

    Brisson BK, Barton ER. (2012). PLOS ONE

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045588

  13. 13

    Deng M, et al. (2011). International Orthopaedics

    DOI: 10.1007/s00264-010-1141-2PubMed 21057789

  14. 14

    Kandalla PK, Goldspink G, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V. (2011). Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

    DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.02.007PubMed 21354439

  15. 15

    Armakolas A, et al. (2010). The Prostate

    DOI: 10.1002/pros.21158PubMed 20564425

  16. 16

    Stavropoulou A, et al. (2009). Molecular Medicine

    DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00012

  17. 17

    Riddoch-Contreras J, et al. (2009). Experimental Neurology

    DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.10.014

  18. 18

    Philippou A, et al. (2008). In Vivo

    PubMed 18396778

  19. 19

    Carpenter V, et al. (2008). Heart, Lung and Circulation

    DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.04.013PubMed 17581790

  20. 20

    Ates K, et al. (2007). FEBS Letters

    DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.030PubMed 17531227

  21. 21

    Dłużniewska J, et al. (2005). FASEB Journal

    DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-3786fjePubMed 16144956

  22. 22

    Aperghis M, et al. (2004). Brain Research

    DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.061

  23. 23

    Yang SY, Goldspink G. (2002). FEBS Letters

    DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02918-6PubMed 12095637

  24. 24

    McKoy G, et al. (1999). Journal of Physiology

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0583v.xPubMed 10087355

  25. 25

    Yang S, Alnaqeeb M, Simpson H, Goldspink G. (1996). Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility

    DOI: 10.1007/BF00123364PubMed 8884603