Gonadorelin
A synthetic linear decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH₂) with a pyroglutamate N-terminus and C-terminal glycinamide, characterized in peptide-ligand GPCR pharmacology research.
Quick answers
What is Gonadorelin?
Gonadorelin is a synthetic linear decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH₂) with a pyroglutamate N-terminus and C-terminal glycinamide, characterized in peptide-ligand GPCR pharmacology research. It is a synthetic peptide (linear decapeptide, 10 residues) with a molecular weight of ~1,182.3 Da and the formula C55H75N17O13.
How much published research cites Gonadorelin?
The Luvaminos Gonadorelin record cites 24 published references, dated 1998 to 2025. Each is listed on this page with a link to its source.
Does Luvaminos test Gonadorelin, and where is the certificate?
Luvaminos does not currently stock Gonadorelin. Every peptide lot Luvaminos sells is tested by Freedom Diagnostics Testing, PLLC, an independent laboratory, and its certificate is published at luvaminos.com/coa under the lot number printed on the vial.
What modifications does Gonadorelin carry?
Gonadorelin: Pyroglutamate (pGlu) at the N-terminus; C-terminal glycinamide amidation. Both modifications are critical for receptor recognition and confer relative resistance to aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase cleavage.
How is Gonadorelin powder stored?
Sealed Gonadorelin powder: -20°C (−80°C recommended for long-term); lyophilized powder stable approximately 24 months under proper conditions. Hygroscopic; keep sealed and dry. Protect from light and moisture.
Molecular Profile
- Type
- Synthetic peptide (linear decapeptide, 10 residues)
- Molecular formula
- C55H75N17O13
- Molecular weight
- ~1,182.3 Da
- CAS number
- 33515-09-2
- Amino acids
- 10
- Sequence
- pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH₂
- Modification
- Pyroglutamate (pGlu) at the N-terminus; C-terminal glycinamide amidation. Both modifications are critical for receptor recognition and confer relative resistance to aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase cleavage; primary plasma degradation occurs at the Gly6 position.
Mechanism & Target Class
Gonadorelin is a synthetic linear decapeptide that engages a seven-transmembrane Gq/G11-coupled class A GPCR as a structural binding partner. The cognate receptor is unusual among GPCRs in lacking a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail, a structural feature that slows β-arrestin-mediated internalization and is studied as the basis for frequency-dependent receptor behavior. Upon ligand binding, the structurally characterized coupling proceeds through phospholipase C-β, which hydrolyzes PIP₂ into IP₃ and DAG; IP₃ mobilizes intracellular Ca²⁺ and DAG activates protein kinase C in cell-based assay models. A defining property characterized in the literature is pulse-dependent receptor pharmacology: intermittent exposure and continuous receptor occupancy produce distinct receptor states, with sustained occupancy driving GRK-mediated phosphorylation, β-arrestin recruitment, receptor internalization, and progressive surface-density downregulation. The pyroglutamate N-terminus and C-terminal glycinamide are essential for receptor recognition and confer relative resistance to exopeptidase cleavage; primary plasma degradation occurs at the Gly6 position, contributing to ultrashort circulatory clearance.
Storage & Handling
- Lyophilized
- -20°C (−80°C recommended for long-term); lyophilized powder stable approximately 24 months under proper conditions.
- Handling
- Hygroscopic; keep sealed and dry. Protect from light and moisture.
Primary Database
References (24)
Reviews
1Naelitz BD, Momtazi-Mar N, Lundy SD, et al. (2025). Nature Reviews Urology
- 2
Robin G, Dumont A, et al. (2014). Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité
- 3
Flanagan CA, Manilall A (2017). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
- 4
Naor Z, Harris D, Shacham S (1998). Front Neuroendocrinol
- 5
Naor Z (2009). Front Neuroendocrinol
- 6
Stamatiades GA, Carroll RS, Kaiser UB (2019). Endocrinology
- 7
McArdle CA, Franklin J, Green L, Hislop JN (2002). J Endocrinol
- 8
McArdle CA, Davidson JS, Willars GB (1999). Mol Cell Endocrinol
- 9
Constantin S, Bjelobaba I, Stojilkovic SS (2022). Curr Opin Pharmacol
- 10
Plant TM (2019). F1000Res
- 11
Okamura H, Tsukamura H, Ohkura S, et al. (2013). Adv Exp Med Biol
- 12
Boehm U, Bouloux PM, Dattani MT, et al. (2015). Nat Rev Endocrinol
- 13
Fanis P, Neocleous V, Papapetrou I, Phylactou LA, Skordis N (2023). Int J Mol Sci
Clinical
14Sun QH, Zheng Y, Zhang XL, Mu YM (2015). Chin Med J (Engl)
- 15
Kim YJ, Hwangbo J, Park KH, et al. (2024). Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
- 16
Quaas P, Quaas AM, Fischer M, De Geyter C (2022). J Assist Reprod Genet
- 17
Hao M, Mao JF, Guan QB, et al. (2021). Ann Transl Med
Primary research
18Mao JF, et al. (2017). Asian Journal of Andrology
- 19
Willars GB, Heding A, Vrecl M, et al. (1999). J Biol Chem
- 20
Hislop JN, Everest HM, Flynn A, et al. (2001). J Biol Chem
- 21
Pawson AJ, Faccenda E, Maudsley S, et al. (2008). Endocrinology
- 22
Caunt CJ, Hislop JN, Kelly E, et al. (2004). Endocrinology
- 23
Burger LL, Dalkin AC, Aylor KW, Haisenleder DJ, Marshall JC (2002). Endocrinology
- 24
Lim S, Pnueli L, Tan JH, Naor Z, Rajagopal G, Melamed P (2009). PLoS One
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