Bronchogen
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu) studied in non-clinical models as a short-peptide bioregulator of gene expression in bronchial and pulmonary cell systems.
Molecular Profile
- Type
- Synthetic linear tetrapeptide (short peptide bioregulator)
- Molecular formula
- C18H30N4O9
- Molecular weight
- 446.45 g/mol
- CAS number
- No CAS Registry Number is assigned to the free tetrapeptide in the verified public records reviewed; the originating patent documents an acetate salt form.
- Amino acids
- 4
- Sequence
- Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu (AEDL); systematic form H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu-OH (also reported in the primary literature as Ala-Asp-Glu-Leu / ADEL)
- Modification
- Unmodified free N-/C-termini; documented in the originating patent as an acetate salt
Mechanism & Target Class
Bronchogen belongs to the Khavinson class of ultra-short regulatory peptides (2–7 residues) proposed to act as epigenetic modulators that penetrate the cell nucleus and interact directly with DNA and histone proteins rather than through classical receptor engagement. Its sequence carries acidic residues (Glu, Asp) giving it a charged, amphiphilic character. In vitro biophysical work using differential scanning microcalorimetry (Monaselidze et al., 2011) characterizes a DNA-thermostabilizing interaction with calf thymus and mouse liver DNA across a defined molar-ratio range, described as non-sequence-specific. Spectrophotometric, viscometric, and circular-dichroism characterization (Khavinson et al., 2014) examines complex formation between the tetrapeptide and DNA in solution. Chromatin-conformation experiments (Fedoreyeva, Vanyushin & Baranova, 2020) report binding to linker histone H1 and core histone H3 associated with remodeling of condensed-chromatin domains. At the transcript level the tetrapeptide is studied in human bronchial epithelial cell cultures for association with expression of bronchial-differentiation factors NKX2-1, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A2, FOXA1, and FOXA2, mucin and surfactant genes MUC4, MUC5AC, and SFTPA1, and cell-cycle and signaling proteins Ki67, Mcl-1, p53, CD79, and NOS-3. These proposals derive from in vitro, in silico, and animal-model systems; the precise promoter sequences engaged by AEDL in bronchial cells have not been fully characterized in the published literature.
Storage & Handling
- Lyophilized
- Store sealed and protected from light, frozen (−20 °C, or colder for long-term storage), and desiccated; documented in the originating patent as a white amorphous odorless powder.
- Handling
- As a small unmodified linear peptide composed of common L-amino acids with charged residues, susceptible to proteolysis and degradation from heat, light, and repeated freeze–thaw. No formal pharmacokinetic study measuring the intact peptide was identified in the verified literature. Handle using standard aseptic technique. For research use only.
Primary Database
References (22)
Reviews
1Khavinson VK, Popovich IG, Linkova NS, Mironova ES, Ilina AR (2021). Molecules
- 2
Khavinson VK, Lin'kova NS, Tarnovskaya SI, et al. (2016). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 3
Vanyushin BF, Khavinson VK (2016). Epigenetics – A Different Way of Looking at Genetics (Springer)
- 4
Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh (2010). Biogerontology
- 5
Khavinson VKh, Anisimov VN (2009). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 6
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kantemirova R, Kozlov K (2022). Cells
Primary research
7Khavinson VKh, Tendler SM, Vanyushin BF, Kasyanenko NA, Kvetnoy IM, Linkova NS, Ashapkin VV, Polyakova VO, Basharina VS, Bernadotte A (2014). Lung
- 8
Kuzubova NA, Lebedeva ES, Dvorakovskaya IV, Surkova EA, Platonova IS, Titova ON (2015). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 9
Monaselidze JR, Khavinson VKh, Gorgoshidze MZ, Khachidze DG, Lomidze EM, Jokhadze TA, Lezhava TA (2011). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 10
Fedoreyeva LI, Vanyushin BF, Baranova EN (2020). AIMS Biophysics
- 11
Fedoreyeva LI, Kireev II, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF (2011). Biochemistry (Moscow)
- 12
Khavinson VKh, Ryzhak GA, Grigoriev EI, Ryadnova IYu (2009). United States Patent US 7,625,870 B2
- 13
Sokolova MP, Mikhailova ME, Nazarov VG, Smirnova NA, Gorelov AV (2025). WSEAS Transactions on Biology and Biomedicine
- 14
Khavinson VKh, Solovyov AYu, Shataeva LK (2008). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 15
Khavinson VKh, Tarnovskaya SI, Linkova NS, Pronyaeva VE, Shataeva LK, Yakutseni PP (2013). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 16
Fedoreyeva LI, Smirnova TA, Kolomijtseva GY, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF (2013). Biochemistry (Moscow)
- 17
Khavinson VKh, Fedoreyeva LI, Vanyushin BF (2011). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 18
Ashapkin VV, Linkova NS, Khavinson VKh, Vanyushin BF (2015). Biochemistry (Moscow)
- 19
Lazareva EM, Kazakov EP, Dilovarova TA, Kononenko NV, Fedoreyeva LI (2025). International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- 20
Fedoreyeva LI, Dilovarova TA, Ashapkin VV, et al. (2017). Biochemistry (Moscow)
- 21
Ryzhak AP, Chalisova NI, Lin'kova NS, Nichik TE, Dudkov AV, Kolchina NV, Ryzhak GA, Khalimov RI (2017). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 22
Lin'kova NS, Drobintseva AO, Orlova OA, Kuznetsova EP, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VKh (2016). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine