Pinealon
A synthetic tripeptide bioregulator studied in neurological and gene-expression research.
Quick answers
What is Pinealon?
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator studied in neurological and gene-expression research. It is a synthetic linear tripeptide (peptide bioregulator) of 3 amino acids with a molecular weight of ~418.4 g/mol and the formula C15H26N6O8.
How much published research cites Pinealon?
The Luvaminos Pinealon record cites 22 published references, dated 2011 to 2025. Each is listed on this page with a link to its source.
Does Luvaminos test Pinealon, and where is the certificate?
Luvaminos does not currently stock Pinealon. Every peptide lot Luvaminos sells is tested by Freedom Diagnostics Testing, PLLC, an independent laboratory, and its certificate is published at luvaminos.com/coa under the lot number printed on the vial.
How is Pinealon powder stored?
Sealed Pinealon powder: -20°C long term; 0–4°C short term. Hygroscopic short peptide; protect from light and moisture.
Molecular Profile
- Type
- Synthetic linear tripeptide (peptide bioregulator)
- Molecular formula
- C15H26N6O8
- Molecular weight
- ~418.4 g/mol
- CAS number
- 175175-23-2
- Amino acids
- 3
- Sequence
- Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR); H-L-Glu-L-Asp-L-Arg-OH
Mechanism & Target Class
Pinealon carries no assigned cell-surface or cytoplasmic receptor in the literature. The proposed mode of action is receptor-independent: direct interaction with nuclear DNA and possibly histone proteins, positioned as a transcriptional/epigenetic regulator. Biophysical studies (NMR, viscometry, molecular dynamics) characterize contacts at the N7 and O6 atoms of guanine within the DNA major groove, with divalent Mg²⁺ reported to facilitate binding by screening the phosphate backbone. Molecular-docking analyses map candidate binding sites on promoter sequences of genes including TPH1, SOD2, GPX1, CASP3, PPARA, and PPARG. Cellular readouts measured in culture models include reactive-oxygen-species accumulation, MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation kinetics, cell-cycle phase distribution, antioxidant-enzyme expression (SOD2, GPX1), and pro-apoptotic markers (caspase-3, p53).
Storage & Handling
- Lyophilized
- -20°C long term; 0–4°C short term.
- Handling
- Hygroscopic short peptide; protect from light and moisture.
Primary Database
References (22)
Reviews
1Khavinson VKh, et al. (2022). International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- 2
Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, et al. (2021). Molecules
- 3
Khavinson VKh, Linkova NS, Kozhevnikova EO, Trofimova SV. (2021). Molecules
Primary research
4Khavinson VKh, et al. (2021). Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
- 5
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2025). Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
- 6
Karantysh GV, et al. (2020). Neurochemical Journal
- 7
Silanteva IA, et al. (2019). Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- 8
Kraskovskaya NA, et al. (2017). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 9
Kraskovskaya NA, et al. (2017). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 10
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2017). Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience
- 11
Khavinson VKh, Lin'kova NS, Tarnovskaya SI. (2016). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 12
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2015). Advances in Gerontology
- 13
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2014). Advances in Gerontology
- 14
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2014). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 15
Arutjunyan AV, Kozina LS, Stvolinskiy SL, Bulygina ER, Mashkina AP, Khavinson VKh. (2012). International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- 16
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2012). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
- 17
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2011). Rejuvenation Research
- 18
Kraskovskaya NA, et al. (2024). Int J Mol Sci
- 19
Sakhenberg EI, et al. (2025). Curr Issues Mol Biol
- 20
Voicekhovskaya MA, et al. (2012). Bull Exp Biol Med
- 21
Khavinson VKh, et al. (2011). Bull Exp Biol Med
- 22
Mendzheritskii AM, et al. (2011). Adv Gerontol
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