Pinealon

A synthetic tripeptide bioregulator studied in neurological and gene-expression research.

Molecular Profile

Type
Synthetic linear tripeptide (peptide bioregulator)
Molecular formula
C15H26N6O8
Molecular weight
~418.4 g/mol
CAS number
175175-23-2
Amino acids
3
Sequence
Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR); H-L-Glu-L-Asp-L-Arg-OH

Mechanism & Target Class

Pinealon carries no assigned cell-surface or cytoplasmic receptor in the literature. The proposed mode of action is receptor-independent: direct interaction with nuclear DNA and possibly histone proteins, positioned as a transcriptional/epigenetic regulator. Biophysical studies (NMR, viscometry, molecular dynamics) characterize contacts at the N7 and O6 atoms of guanine within the DNA major groove, with divalent Mg²⁺ reported to facilitate binding by screening the phosphate backbone. Molecular-docking analyses map candidate binding sites on promoter sequences of genes including TPH1, SOD2, GPX1, CASP3, PPARA, and PPARG. Cellular readouts measured in culture models include reactive-oxygen-species accumulation, MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation kinetics, cell-cycle phase distribution, antioxidant-enzyme expression (SOD2, GPX1), and pro-apoptotic markers (caspase-3, p53).

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized
-20°C long term; 0–4°C short term.
Handling
Hygroscopic short peptide; protect from light and moisture.

Primary Database

PubChem CID 10273502 ↗

References (22)

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