Tissue Repair Research Peptide
BPC-157 is studied for the body's natural repair processes. In preclinical (animal and cell) models, researchers look at how it relates to muscle, tendon, ligament, and gut-lining tissue, and how it appears to encourage angiogenesis — the growth of new blood vessels that supply injured tissue. It is derived from a protein found naturally in human stomach fluid.
Type
Synthetic peptide (pentadecapeptide)
Molecular formula
C62H98N16O22
Molecular weight
1,419.5 g/mol
CAS number
137525-51-0
Amino acids
15
Sequence
GEPPPGKPADDAGLV
Modification
Free N- and C-termini; commonly supplied as an acetate or TFA salt.
A partial sequence derived from a human gastric-juice protein. Research literature characterizes it in relation to the VEGFR2 and nitric-oxide (eNOS) signaling pathways; it is not assigned a single cell-surface receptor.
Research Focus
Studied in preclinical gastrointestinal, connective-tissue and vascular (angiogenesis) research models.
Lyophilized
-20°C
~24 months desiccated and protected from light.
Reconstituted
2-8°C
typically stable days to a few weeks; avoid freeze-thaw.
Protect from light and moisture; aliquot to avoid freeze-thaw.
Reviews
Vasireddi N, et al. (2025). HSS Journal — Independent systematic review of the orthopaedic sports-medicine literature
Sikiric P, et al. (2024). Inflammopharmacology — Comprehensive cytoprotection and organoprotection synthesis
Sikiric P, et al. (2022). World J Gastroenterol — Review of vascular-occlusion and ischemia-reperfusion models
Vukojevic J, et al. (2022). Neural Regeneration Research — CNS-focused review
Seiwerth S, et al. (2021). Front Pharmacol — Review of wound-repair models and proposed mechanisms
Sikiric P, et al. (2020). Gut and Liver — Cytoprotection framework overview
Sikiric P, et al. (2016). Curr Neuropharmacol — Review of proposed gut-brain-axis effects
Sikiric P, et al. (2011). Curr Pharm Des — GI-focused cytoprotection review
Clinical
ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov — Registered Phase 2 clinical trial (no published results)
ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov — Registered Phase 1 clinical trial (cancelled; no published results)
Primary research
He L, et al. (2022). Front Pharmacol — Preclinical pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (rat, dog)
Sikiric P, et al. (2022). Biomedicines — Synthesis of rat cardiovascular models
Perovic D, et al. (2019). J Orthop Surg Res — In vivo rat spinal-cord-compression model
Wang XY, et al. (2019). Neuroscience Bulletin — In vitro study in cultured enteric neurons and glia
Hsieh MJ, et al. (2017). J Mol Med (Berlin) — Angiogenesis-mechanism study (VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS)
Chang CH, et al. (2014). Molecules — In vitro growth-hormone-receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts
Chang CH, et al. (2011). J Appl Physiol — Tendon explant outgrowth, survival, and migration via the FAK-paxillin pathway
Gjurasin M, et al. (2010). Regulatory Peptides — In vivo rat sciatic-nerve-transection model
Novinscak T, et al. (2008). Surgery Today — In vivo rat gastrocnemius-crush model
Tkalcevic VI, et al. (2007). Eur J Pharmacol — In vivo granulation and collagen-organization study
Krivic A, et al. (2006). J Orthop Res — In vivo rat tendon-to-bone model
Staresinic M, et al. (2003). J Orthop Res — In vivo and in vitro Achilles-transection and tendocyte study
Sebecic B, et al. (1999). Bone — In vivo rabbit segmental bone-defect model
Sikiric P, et al. (1993). Life Sciences — In vivo rat liver-injury models
Sikiric P, et al. (1993). J Physiol (Paris) — Foundational study introducing the BPC peptide and the organoprotection hypothesis
Also known as: Body Protection Compound-157
Research Use Only
These products are intended for research purposes only and are not for human consumption. Not FDA approved. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
