Thymalin

A thymus-derived polypeptide complex studied in research models of immune-cell signaling, thymic function, and biogerontology.

Molecular Profile

Type
Thymic peptide preparation (polypeptide complex)

Mechanism & Target Class

A complex of low-molecular-weight polypeptides extracted from thymus tissue, studied in the bioregulator literature as a thymic immunomodulatory preparation. Research characterizes the preparation as acting on lymphoid and myeloid cell populations, with reported effects on thymocyte blastogenesis, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mechanistic work has examined intracellular signal transduction, including signaling along the sphingomyelin pathway in thymocytes (Khavinson et al., 2002), and has framed the preparation's activity within a broader peptide-bioregulator model in which short thymic peptides modulate tissue-specific cell differentiation across age. Investigators have associated defining short-peptide dipeptide motifs (reported in the preparation context as KE and EW dipeptides) with gene-expression and protein-synthesis readouts in research models (Linkova et al., 2023). Because Thymalin is a polypeptide complex rather than a single defined molecule, no single high-affinity receptor, molecular formula, or molecular weight is established for the preparation across the literature.

Storage & Handling

Lyophilized
Store cool and dry as a lyophilized powder; protect from heat, light, and moisture.
Handling
Polypeptide complex rather than a single defined peptide; handle as a peptide preparation, aliquot to minimize freeze–thaw exposure, and protect from heat and light.

References (23)

  1. Reviews

    1

    Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. (2003). Neuro Endocrinology Letters

    PubMed 14523363

  2. 2

    Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. (2002). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 12577695

  3. 3

    Khavinson VKh. (2002). Neuro Endocrinology Letters

    PubMed 12374906

  4. 4

    Khavinson VK. (2001). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1023/a:1013058701974PubMed 11713572

  5. 5

    Morozov VG, Khavinson VK. (1997). International Journal of Immunopharmacology

    DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)00058-1PubMed 9637345

  6. Clinical

    6

    Kuznik BI, Shapovalov KG, Smolyakov YN, Lukyanov SA, Tereshkov PP, Kazantseva LS. (2022). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 36169363

  7. 7

    Khavinson VK, Kuznik BI, Trofimova SV, Volchkov VA, Rukavishnikova SA, Titova ON. (2021). Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

    DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10087-6PubMed 33575961

  8. 8

    Litvinenko GI, Shurlygina AV, Dergacheva TI, Mel'nikova EV, Trufakin VA. (2015). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2890-0PubMed 26033592

  9. 9

    Tsybikov MN, Likhanov ID, Borshchevskii VS, Kuznik BI, Tsepelev VL, Maslo EYu. (2012). Khirurgiia (Surgery)

    PubMed 23258355

  10. Primary research

    10

    Linkova N, Khavinson V, Diatlova A, Petukhov M, Vladimirova E, Sukhareva M. (2023). International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713377PubMed 37686182

  11. 11

    Avolio F, Martinotti S, Khavinson VK, Esposito JE, Giambuzzi G, Marino A, et al. (2022). International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073607PubMed 35408963

  12. 12

    Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, Polyakova VO, Drobintseva AO, Kvetnaia TV. (2020). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05016-zPubMed 33237528

  13. 13

    Zhukova GV, Schikhlyarova AI, Barteneva TA, Shevchenko AN, Zakharyuta FM. (2018). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4104-zPubMed 29797130

  14. 14

    Ryzhak AP, Chalisova NI, Lin'kova NS, Khalimov RI, Ryzhak GA, Zhekalov AN. (2015). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 26390619

  15. 15

    Kuznetsova TA, Besednova NN, Zaporozhets TS, Smolina TP, Kazha AK, Ivanushko LA. (2013). Antibiotics and Chemotherapy (Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiia)

    PubMed 24734422

  16. 16

    Sevostianova NN, Linkova NS, Polyakova VO, Chervyakova NA, Kostylev AV, Durnova AO. (2013). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2000-0PubMed 23486604

  17. 17

    Lin'kova NS, Polyakova VO, Trofimov AV, Kvetnoy IM, Khavinson VKh. (2011). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1298-8PubMed 22238759

  18. 18

    Labunets IF, Rodnichenko AE, Magdich LV, Butenko GM. (2011). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 21957575

  19. 19

    Labunets' IF. (2007). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 17969591

  20. 20

    Khlystova ZS, Kalinina II, Shmeleva SP. (2003). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1023/a:1025449923475PubMed 12937685

  21. 21

    Khavinson VKh, Malinin VV, Chalisova NI, Grigor'ev EI. (2002). Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii)

    PubMed 12096446

  22. 22

    Khavinson VKh, Rybakina EG, Malinin VV, Pivanovich IY, Shanin SN, Korneva EA. (2002). Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

    DOI: 10.1023/a:1019830308824PubMed 12420072

  23. 23

    Khavinson VKh, Kozhemiakin AL, Volgarev AP, Platonov VG. (1993). Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology

    PubMed 8067076